Perceptions and conducts of oral and maxillofacial surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are among the frontline healthcare workers and are classified as a high-risk group for COVID-19 infection; however, it has not yet been defined how these professionals were impacted. The aim of this study was to explore the conducts and perceptions of oral and maxillofacial surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Nine individuals, mean age 34.8 years, 66.6% men, were included in the study. A semi-structured interview with a qualitative approach was applied to professionals belonging to a messaging application group (WhatsApp). Content analysis was performed in the light of Hellerian theory in its daily theoretical framework for the interpretation of the memories reported by the participants. Four themes were identified. The lack of knowledge about COVID-19 and the fear of being contaminated during care were the main factors responsible for changes in the professionals' work routine. An important point was the collective reflection of the participants about the increase in biosafety barriers, which ensured a greater sense of security. The need for social isolation to contain the virus was also described. As a result, there was a great distance between professionals and their families, which generated high levels of anxiety in the former. Repetitive reports of slowness and reduced attendance directly related to financial loss and aggravated stress were also highlighted. The findings of this study reveal that oral and maxillofacial surgeons had their professional-personal axis affected in terms of daily habits, family life and financial strain, aspects that were responsible for impacting stress and anxiety levels.

Anxiety and pain perception in patients undergoing mandibular autogenous block bone surgery.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate pain perception and anxiety within the context of surgery for the placement of mandibular block bone and to evaluate the causality effect between theses variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 13 patients were recruited for the study and were submitted to mandibular autogenous block bone surgery. Demographic data were collected and the anxiety level was determined using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The STAI was administered on the day of surgery and on the 14th postoperative day. Pain was determined using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and limitation of daily activities and postoperative symptoms were also reported. Data were analyzed using parametric tests (α=0.05) and cross-lagged analysis was performed to verify a causality effect. RESULTS: Few patients reported interference with daily activities or the presence of postoperative symptoms. A significant association of bad breath/taste with STAI-State was detected on the 14th postoperative day. No evidence of causality between STAI and VAS was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The patient's self-evaluation indicates that the pain and anxiety level felt during treatment was not directly associated with the clinical aspects of the surgical procedure or with postoperative activities/symptoms limitations. Key words:Anxiety pain, questionnaires, autogenous bone block, treatment, outcomes.

Intraoral Excision of a Huge Cheek Lipoma.

Lipomas are benign tumors of mature adipocytes unusual in the oral and maxillofacial region. The average size of cheek lipomas in the literature ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 cm, with the maximum size of 5 cm. Their etiology remains unclear. Lipomas present, clinically, as well circumscribed, slow growing, painless masses, usually treated by complete excision. The aim of this paper is to present a 78-year-old Caucasian male patient with a huge cheek lipoma compromising facial esthetics and treated through an intraoral excision. Postoperative period was uneventful with no signs of recurrence. Concluding, the intraoral approach is a relatively simple technique that should be taken into account when considering the surgical removal of cheek lipomas.

Tratamento cirúrgico e conservador de cisto periapical de grande proporção: relato de caso / Surgical and conservative treatment of large periapical cyst: case report

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever uma técnica de tratamento conservadora, cuja conduta preconizada foi a realização da descompressão seguida pela enucleação cística através do relato de um caso de cisto periapical de grande extensão. Paciente de 50 anos de idade, melanoderma, apresentando cisto periapical com aproximadamente 4,5 cm em seu maior diâmetro associado ao incisivo central inferior esquerdo. Na primeira etapa do tratamento, foi realizada descompressão cística e biopsia incisional, cujo exame histopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico clínico. Após 25 semanas de acompanhamento, houve uma considerável regressão do tamanho da lesão e a mesma foi enucleada sem comprometimento dos elementos dentários envolvidos e dos tecidos adjacentes. O relato de caso evidenciou que o tratamento cirúrgico e conservador pode ser um recurso em cistos periapicais de maior dimensão, sendo importante a cooperação do paciente no acompanhamento pós-operatório.

The aim of this study was to describe a conservative treatment technique, the recommended therapeutic of which was performed decompression and followed by cystic enucleation through the report of a large periapical cyst case. A 50-year-old melanoderma patient presented a periapical cyst with approximately 4,5 cm in its largest diameter associated with the left lower central incisor. In the first stage of the treatment, cystic decompression and incisional biopsy were performed; whose histopathological examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis. After follow-up, there was a considerable regression of the size of the lesion and it could be enucleated without compromising the dental elements involved and adjacent tissues. The case report showed that surgical and conservative treatment may be a resource in larger periapical cysts, and patient cooperation in postoperative follow-up is very important.

Infecções odontogênicas complexas e seu perfil epidemiológico / Severe odontogenic infections and its epidemiological profile

Infecções odontogênicas complexas são aquelas, que se disseminam para espaços faciais subjacentes, podendo provocar complicações graves, como a Angina de Ludwig. Seu diagnóstico precoce e uma avaliação precisa das complicações são extremamente importantes para o sucesso do tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o perfil epidemiológico de 50 pacientes internados com infecção odontogênica complexa em um hospital público de Belo Horizonte-MG, no intervalo de um ano. Dentre eles, 26 eram mulheres e 24 homens, com a média de idade de 31,04 anos. O período de internação foi, em média, de 6,9 dias, e o intervalo entre o início da infecção e a internação foi de 4,80 dias em média. Apenas 6% eram portadores de Diabetes Mellitus. Em 56%, os dentes causadores foram segundos e terceiros molares inferiores. Um total de 54% possuía baixa renda, mas apenas 4% eram analfabetos. Dentre os pacientes, 47 fizeram uso de algum tipo de medicamento prévio ao momento da internação hospitalar e 32,0% relataram-se automedicado. Concluiu-se que a infecção odontogênica pode atingir indivíduos de variadas faixas etárias, independente do sexo, classe econômica ou nível de instrução. A prevenção e a abordagem precoce dos casos são a melhor estratégia de tratamento... (AU)

Severe odontogenic infections are those that spread to spaces underlying facial and may cause severe complications such as Ludwig's angina. Early diagnosis and precise evaluation of complications is extremely important for successful treatment. The objective of this study was to understand the epidemiology of 50 patients admitted with severe odontogenic infection in a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais within one year. Among them, 26 were women and 24 men, with a mean age of 31.04 years. The hospital stay averaged 6.9 days and the interval between the onset of infection and hospitalization was 4.80 days on average. Only 6% were diabetic patients. In 56%, the causing teeth were second and third molars. A total of 54% had low income, but only 4% were illiterate. Among the patients, 47 had used some kind of drug prior to the time of hospitalization and 32.0% reported having self-medicated. It was concluded that the odontogenic infection can affect individuals of different age groups, regardless of gender, economic class or education level. The prevention and early treatment of cases are the best treatment strategy... (AU)

Realinhamento do plano oclusal em reabilitação oral: importância e modalidades terapêuticas / Realignment of the occlusal plane in oral rehabilitation: importance and therapeutic methods

A não reposição de dentes posteriores extraídos pode gerar alterações no plano oclusal devido a inclinações dentárias e supraerupções. Essa desarmonia pode influenciar negativamente no arco de fechamento e nas excursões laterais da mandíbula, devido às interferências na guia anterior. Diferentes modalidades terapêuticas têm sido aplicadas visando o restabelecimento da harmonia do plano oclusal. A odontoplastia, ou desgaste compensatório, o preparo e confecção de coroas ou onlays, a osteotomia segmentar e intrusão ortodôntica são algumas dessas modalidades. / Objetivo / O objetivo desse estudo é discutir a importância da realização desses procedimentos como parte integrante do planejamento do tratamento odontológico, e apresentar quatro casos clínicos em que foram utilizadas diferentes modalidades terapêuticas com esse fim. / Conclusão / Concluiu-se que cada caso deve ser conduzido de acordo com suas características iniciais e que o realinhamento da harmonia do plano oclusal, quando indicado, é uma condição obrigatória durante os procedimentos restauradores.

Osteonecrose de mandíbula associada ao uso de bisfosfonato após instalação de implantes: relato de caso / Osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with bisphosphonate use after implant placement: case report

A reabilitação bucal de pacientes com perdas dentárias múltiplas ou unitárias com implantes osseointegrados tem se tornado um tratamento com altas taxas de sucesso. Apesar disso, uma séria complicações pode afetar a sobrevida desses implantes, como a osteonecrose dos maxilares associada ao uso de bisfosfonatos. Os bisfosfonatos são uma classe de medicamentos que têm por função a inibição da atividade dos osteoclastos, interferindo na remodelação e no turnover ósseo. São indicados para retardar o envolvimento ósseo em algumas condições malignas, como em mielomas múltiplos e metástase do câncer de mama e próstata, no tratamento da doença de Paget e da osteoporose. Clinicamente, as BRONJ (Bisphosphonated Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw) aparecem como perda da continuidade da mucosa bucal com exposição do osso subjacente, podendo ser extremamente dolorosas, persistentes e não responder aos tratamentos convencionais. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é revisar a literatura sobre o tema apresentado e relatar um caso clínico de BRONJ em mandíbula após a fixação de implantes.

Oral rehabilitation of patients with unit or multiple tooth loss with dental implants has become a treatment with high success rates. Nevertheless, a serious complication can affect the survival of these implants: osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with the use of bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs that has the function of inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, interfering with remodeling and bone turnover. Are shown to slow bone involvement in some malignancies such as multiple myeloma and metastatic breast cancer and prostate cancer, in the treatment of Paget's disease and osteoporosis. Clinically the BRONJ appear as loss of continuity of the oral mucosa with exposure of the underlying bone and can be extremely painful, persistent and do not respond to conventional treatments. The objective of this paper is to review the literature on the subject and report of a case in BRONJ after implant fixation.

Prevalence and type of gingival recession in adults in the city of Divinópolis, MG, Brazil

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of gingival recession (GR), its classification according to Miller’s classification, and its relationship with gender, age, income and level of education, in the population of the city of Divinópolis, MG, Brazil. Methods: Two questionnaires were distributed to the local dentists. One of them was directed to the patients and had questions referring to gender, age and socioeconomic conditions; the other was directed to dentists and had questions about the type of GR found in each patient. Results: 245 patients were included in the study. GR prevalence was higher in women. GR prevalence increased with age and seemed to stabilize after the age of 30. There was no relationship between GR and patient’s socioeconomic status. A higher GR prevalence was found in premolars with no statistically significant difference among them. There is a higher prevalence of Miller’s Class I GR. Conclusions: As the prevalence of GR increases with age, a frequency of 81.40% of GR was obtained. No correlation was found between socioeconomic level and GR. In addition, there was no significant difference between genders on GR prevalence. A higher Miller class I (p=0.000) prevalence was observed. There was no significant difference between mandibular and maxillary molars. However, the mandibular premolars were the most affected and there was a higher GR prevalence in maxillary teeth than in mandibular teeth.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of Brazilian medicinal plant extracts against pathogenic microorganisms of interest to dentistry.

This study evaluated the susceptibility of oral pathogenic microorganisms Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to Brazilian medicinal plant extracts of Schinus terebinthifolius (aroeira), Croton campestris (velame), Lafoensia pacari (pacari), Centaurium erythraea (centáurea), Stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatimão), and Anacardium humile (cajuzinho-docerrado), as compared to standardized antimicrobial agents (nystatin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline hydrochloride). Ethanol, hexane and butane fractions from stem barks, rinds, leaves, and/or roots were extracted and tested. Antimicrobial diffusion agar test and MIC were performed according to CLSI. After 24 h of incubation at 37 °C, the diameter of inhibition zones and spectrophotometer readings were measured and compared. The results were reported as means ± standard deviation (M ± SD). With the exception of five extracts that showed no antimicrobial activity, all the extracts tested showed antimicrobial activity, in different levels. This study suggests that extracts from the plants tested could be an alternative therapeutic option for infectious conditions of the oral cavity, such as denture stomatitis, dental caries, and periodontitis.

Tratamento endodôntico transcirúrgico: uma opção para casos especiais / Trans-surgical endodontic treatment: an option for special cases

A cirurgia endodôntica é indicada quando perfurações, instrumentos fraturados, calcificações e anormalidades anatômicas são responsáveis pelo insucesso do tratamento endodôntico convencional. Dentre as modalidades cirúrgicas, a obturação do canal radicular simultânea ao ato cirúrgico é indicada, quando não se consegue conter o exsudato persistente por meio de medicação intracanal e medicação sistêmica. O propósito deste trabalho é o de descrever a técnica cirúrgica utilizada e apresentar três casos clínicos de apicectomia com tratamento endodôntico trans-cirúrgico, promovendo uma discussão sobre suas indicações dentro da moderna clínica odontológica.

Endodontic surgery is indicated when perforations, broken instruments, calcifications and anatomical abnormalities are responsible for the failure of conventional endodontic treatment. Among the surgical modalities the obturation of the root canal concomitantly with the surgical procedure is indicated when it is not possible to contain the persistent exsudate by means of intracanal medication and systemic medication. The purpose of this paper is to describe the surgical technique used and to present three clinical cases of apicectomy with trans-surgical endodontic treatment, discussing its indications in modern clinical dentistry.

Tratamento endodôntico transcirúrgico: uma opção para casos especiais / Trans-surgical endodontic treatment: an option for special cases

A cirurgia endodôntica é indicada quando perfurações, instrumentos fraturados, calcificações e anormalidades anatômicas são responsáveis pelo insucesso do tratamento endodôntico convencional. Dentre as modalidades cirúrgicas, a obturação do canal radicular simultânea ao ato cirúrgico é indicada quando não se consegue conter o exsudato persistente por meio de medicação intracanal e medicação sistêmica. O propósito deste trabalho é o de descrever a técnica cirúrgica utilizada e apresentar três casos clínicos de apicectomia com tratamento endodôntico transcirúrgico, promovendo uma discussão sobre suas indicações dentro da moderna clínica odontológica.

The endodontic surgery is indicated when perforations, instruments broken, anatomical calcification and abnormalities are responsible for the failure of the conventional endodontic treatment. Among the surgical modalities the obturation of the canal to radicular simultaneous to the surgical act is indicated when it is not obtained to contain the persistent exsudate by means of intracanal medication and systemic medication. The intention of this work is to describe the surgical technique used and to present three clinical cases of apicectomy with trans-surgical endodontic treatment, making a discussion on its indications in of the clinical modern.

Analgesic efficacy of Lysine Clonixinate, paracetamol and dipyrone in lowerthird molar extraction. A randomized controlled trial

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the analgesic effect of lysine clonixinate, paracetamol anddipyrone after lower third molar extraction.Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 90 individuals, with clinical indication for inferior third molarsextraction. The mean age of the sample was 22.3 years (DP±2.5). The individuals received the medication in unidentifiedbottles along with the intake instructions. The postoperative pain parameters were measured accordingto Visual Analogical Scale (VAS) and the data was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis Test and Friedman Test,with the latter used to test different time intervals for each one of the drugs.Results: The final sample consisted of 64 individuals, including 23 males (45.9%) and 41 females (64.1%) Themean age of the entire sample was 22.3 years (±2.5). The average length of the procedures was 33.9 minutes (±9.8).The distribution of mean values for this variable showed little variance for the different drugs (p=0.07).Conclusion: Lysine Clonixinate did not show any substantial impact on the postoperative pain control when comparedto other drugs (AU)

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Analgesic efficacy of lysine clonixinate, paracetamol and dipyrone in lower third molar extraction: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the analgesic effect of lysine clonixinate, paracetamol and dipyrone after lower third molar extraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 90 individuals with clinical indication for inferior third molar extraction. The mean age of the sample was 22.3 years (DP +/-2.5). The individuals received the medication in unidentified bottles along with the intake instructions. The postoperative pain parameters were measured according to the Visual Analogical Scale (VAS) and the data was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis Test and Friedman Test, with the latter used to test different time intervals for each one of the drugs. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 64 individuals, including 23 males (45.9%) and 41 females (64.1%) The mean age of the entire sample was 22.3 years (+/-2.5). The average length of the procedures was 33.9 minutes (+/-9.8). The distribution of mean values for this variable showed little variance for the different drugs (p=0.07). CONCLUSION: Lysine Clonixinate did not show any substantial impact on the postoperative pain control when compared to other drugs.

Tonsillolith: a report of three clinical cases.

Tonsillolith is a rare dystrophic calcification as a result of chronic inflammation of the tonsils. Three asymptomatic cases of tonsillolith are reported, incidentally discovered through panoramic radiographs, which showed different sizes of radiopaque images, varying from 2 to 5 mm; cases I and III images did not overlap the mandible ramus, which led to a probable diagnosis of soft tissue calcification. Case II had radiopaque unilateral images, with osseous tissue density, overlapping the mandibular ramus, leading to a benign intra-osseous lesion, which was considered as differential diagnosis. No symptoms were reported in any case. Only case I had clinical characteristics, showing highly consistent white plaques partially visible through the mucosa. Computed tomography of the maxillofacial region/head and neck were requested to find out the exact location of these images, since most of the overlapping radiopaque images in the mandibular ramus were very similar to intra-osseous abnormalities. The computed tomography showed hyperdense images in the palatine tonsils, confirming the diagnosis of tonsillolith. The patients are currently under follow-up. No treatment is required if there is no symptom. In conclusion, tonsillolith might show images on panoramic radiographs similar to intra osseous abnormalities. The diagnosis is relatively easy when computed tomography is requested, although the images are not pathognomonic. Therefore, clinicians should consider other pathologies as differential diagnosis.

Oral myiasis: a case report.

Oral Myiasis is a rare pathology in humans and is associated with poor oral hygiene, alcoholism, senility, suppurating lesions, severe halitosis and others conditions. The treatment is a mechanical removal of the maggots one by one but a systemic treatment with Ivermectin, a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic, have been used for treatment for oral myiasis. We present a case report of a 32-year-old man indigent, alcohol-dependent with an extensive necrotic area and acute swelling in upper lip and fetid odor. The patient's management included topic use of gentian violet, oral therapy with ivermectin (6 mg orally), surgical exploration to remove the larvae and necrotic tissue. After the complete larvae removal the swelling and the wounds were healing normally, the patients was referred to plastic surgery to repair tissue damage. The prevention of human myiasis is by education, but unfortunately in the developing countries some people live in low social condition, predisposing the occurrence of the infestation.

Levantamento sobre os atendimentos de trauma facial - Realizado em Hospital de Pronto Socorro / Research about facial trauma attempt

O trauma de face tem sido o objetivo de uma série de pesquisas e levantamentos estatísticos em diversos hospitais do mundo. Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados, mesmos em países com diferentes situações culturais e sócio-econõmicas. O presente trabalho consistiu-se em desenvolver um levantamento de todos os pacientes com trauma facial atendidos pelos alunos do curso de Especialização em Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG, no Pronto Socorro do Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens de Belo Horizonte no período de novembro de 1997 a julho de 1999. Neste levantamento, foram avaliados no paciente: o sexo, a faixa etária, o fator etiológico e o tipo de atendimento realizado.

Prevalência de dentes não erupcionados em cadetes da Polícia Militar do Estado de Minas Gerais / Prevalence of unerupted teeth in Military Police cadet corps

Estudo realizado em 124 alunos do curso de formação de oficiais da Polícia Militar do Estado de Minas Gerais com idade variando de 22 a 29 anos de idade. A amostra estudada foi do sexo masculino e não foi levada em consideração a raça. Todos os elementos da amostra são naturais do Estado de Minas Gerais e com pais e avós também naturais de Minas Gerais. As avaliações foram feitas através de uma anamnese, um exame clínico e um exame radiográfico panorâmico em cada elemento da amostra, buscando os seguintes achados: prevalência de dentes não-erupcionados, prevalência de cada elemento dental e prevalência de dentes supranumerários. Encontrou-se que 39,52 por cento dos indivíduos apresentaram pelo menos um dente não erupcionado, sendo o terceiro molar inferior o mais encontrado, com 59 por cento, seguido do terceiro molar superior com 37 por cento, do canino superior com 1 por cento e de dentes supranumerários com 3 por cento